Task of English
Business
Definition , Theory and Examples of Active Voice and
Passive Voice
Name:
Zsazsa Novia Khairunnisa
NPM:
28112026
Class: 4KB01
What is Voice?
“A Grammar of Contemporary English” defines Voice as “voice is a
grammatical category which makes it possible to view the action of a sentence
in two ways, without change in the facts reported”. One and the same idea can
often be expressed in two different ways, by means of an active, and by means
of a passive construction.
1. Active Voice
Active voice is used to indicate the grammatical subject of the
verb is performing the action or causing the happening denoted by the verb.
With the active voice, you learn ‘who’ or ‘what’ is responsible for the action
at the beginning of the sentence. In other words, the subject performs the
action denoted by the verb. With help of active voice more powerful sentences
can be build than passive voice.
Use of active voice:
1. Active voice is used in a clause whose subject expresses the
agent of the main verb.
2. Subject can be easily identified by asking ‘who’ or ‘what’ to the verb.
3. Sentences are short and easily understandable.
2. Subject can be easily identified by asking ‘who’ or ‘what’ to the verb.
3. Sentences are short and easily understandable.
Example :
John wrote the letter.
-John (subject) performs the action denoted by the verb (write).
John wrote the letter.
-John (subject) performs the action denoted by the verb (write).
2. Passive Voice
In Passive voice the sentence focus on object i.e. who/what is
receiving the action and not on who/what is performing the action. In passive
voice, the actor of the of the verb (action) is either understood at the end of
the sentence or maybe not told. The passive voice is used in writing facts,
truth, lab or technical reports in which the actor is not important or unknown,
but the action happening on the object is very important.
Use of passive voice:
1.
It is used if it doesn‘t need to know or we don‘t know the actor performing the
job.
2. In the end of the clause or sentence “by” is prefixed to know the actor performing the job.
3. It is used if we are more interested in the job than the actors who work.
2. In the end of the clause or sentence “by” is prefixed to know the actor performing the job.
3. It is used if we are more interested in the job than the actors who work.
Example :
The
letter was written by John.
- letter receives the action denoted by the write (verb).
- letter receives the action denoted by the write (verb).
How to identify the
active / passive voice?
Ask who/what performed the action(verb)? -- if the ‘who or what is at the beginning of the sentence, the
sentence is active voice.
Example :
Jack is eating the apple.
Question will be : Who is eating
the apple?
Look for the word “by”, if present it is passive voice.
Look for the word “by”, if present it is passive voice.
Active/Passive voice
using Modals:
The
modal verbs consist of will, would, can, could, shall, should, may, might, must
which are
used with main verbs to express ability, probability, obligation, advice etc.
To convert active voice having modal into passive voice, auxiliary verb “be” is added after modal in sentence.
used with main verbs to express ability, probability, obligation, advice etc.
To convert active voice having modal into passive voice, auxiliary verb “be” is added after modal in sentence.
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Rules for Active to
Passive conversion
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Tense
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Active voice
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Passive voice
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Simple Present Tense
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Subject + infinitive(V1) + object
E.g. The grocer
sells fresh vegetables.
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Object + to be + past participle(v3)
+ by subject
E.g. Fresh vegetables are sold by the grocer.
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Present Continuous Tense
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Subject + to be (is, am, are) + V-being
+ present participle + object
E.g. My boss is
giving many assignments.
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Object + to be (is, am, are) + being
+ past participle(V3) + by subject
E.g. Many
assignments are being given by my boss.
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Present Perfect Tense
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Subject + has/have + past participle
+ object
E.g. I have taken him
out.
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Object + have/has been + past
participle + by subject
E.g. He has been taken out by me.
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Simple Past Tense
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Subject + past participle + object
E.g. He built a large
house.
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Object + was/were + past participle +
by subject
E.g. A large house
was built by him.
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Past Continuous Tense
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S + was/were + being + past
participle + object
E.g She was cooking dinner.
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Object + was/were + being + past
participle +by object
E.g. Dinner was
being cooked by her.
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Past Perfect Tense
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Subject + had + past participle +
object
E.g. She had
posted the letter.
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Object + had been + past participle +
by subject
E.g. The letter
had been posted by her.
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Simple Future Tense
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Subject + will + infinitive + object
E.g. I will give
you a present.
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Object + will + be + past participle
+ by subject
E.g. A present
will be given to you by me.
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Future Perfect Tense
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Subject + would + infinitive + object
E.g. The doctor
shall have examined ten patients by 10 O’clock.
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Object + would + be + past participle
+ by subject
E.g. Ten patients
will have been examined by 10 O’clock by the doctor.
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Rules for Pronouns
in Active to Passive conversion
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Active voice
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Passive voice
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I
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Me
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you
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You
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we
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Us
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they
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Them
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it
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It
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Pronoun number and person table
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Person Number
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I
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II
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III
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Singular
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I -> am
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you -> are
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he,she,it -> is
John,Sara -> is
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Plural
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we -> are
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you -> are
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they -> are
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